In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 90
_ It is not easy to be born among men, and to meet with [the good fortune of hearing the doctrine of] Buddhism.
Who acts: good fortune · What happens: not be, bear, meet, hear, indoctrinate · To what, where: doctrine, Buddhism
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good fortune), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 easy | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 easy | expl |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 easy | cop |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 easy | advmod |
| 5 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 born | mark |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 born | aux:pass |
| 8 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 easy | xcomp |
| 9 | among | among | ADP | _ | 10 men | case |
| 10 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 born | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 meet | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 meet | cc |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 meet | mark |
| 14 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 easy | parataxis |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 fortune | case |
| 16 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 19 fortune | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 fortune | det |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 fortune | amod |
| 19 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 meet | obl |
| 20 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 21 hearing | mark |
| 21 | hearing | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 fortune | acl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 doctrine | det |
| 23 | doctrine | doctrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hearing | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Buddhism | case |
| 25 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 24 of | punct |
| 26 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 doctrine | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 easy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | easy property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bear | to-infinitive · passive | among men | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S» | |||||
| 3 | meet | to-infinitive | with the good fortune | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with fortune=Co-Agent | |||||
| 4 | hear | gerund | the good fortune not said here | the doctrine of Buddhism | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer doctrine=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | indoctrinate | Buddhism | nom doctrine «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/25/90/