In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2, sentence 97
[56] There are many curious sayings and proverbs about the oni, or Buddhist devil,—such as _Oni no mé ni mo namida_, “tears in even a devil’s eyes;”—Oni no kakuran, “devil’s cholera” (said of the unexpected sickness of some very strong and healthy person), etc., etc.—The class of demons called _Oni_, properly belong to the Buddhist hells, where they act as torturers and jailers.
Who acts: many curious sayings, oni · What happens: be, say, call, belong, act · To what, where: cholera, demons, 56 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many curious sayings, oni), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 56 | punct |
| 2 | 56 | 56 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | root | root |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 56 | punct |
| 4 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 are | expl |
| 5 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 56 | parataxis |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sayings | amod |
| 7 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sayings | amod |
| 8 | sayings | saying | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 are | nsubj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 proverbs | cc |
| 10 | proverbs | proverb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sayings | conj |
| 11 | about | about | ADP | _ | 13 oni | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 oni | det |
| 13 | oni | oni | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 proverbs | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 devil | punct |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 devil | cc |
| 16 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 devil | amod |
| 17 | devil | devil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 oni | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Oni | punct |
| 19 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 such | punct |
| 20 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 23 Oni | case |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 such | fixed |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 20 such | punct |
| 23 | Oni | Oni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 sayings | appos |
| 24 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 25 mé | det |
| 25 | mé | mé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Oni | appos |
| 26 | ni | ni | X | _ | 28 namida | compound |
| 27 | mo | mo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 namida | compound |
| 28 | namida | namida | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Oni | appos |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 Oni | punct |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 tears | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 tears | punct |
| 32 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sayings | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 eyes | case |
| 34 | even | even | ADV | _ | 36 devil | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 devil | det |
| 36 | devil | devil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 37 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 36 devil | case |
| 38 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 tears | nmod |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 56 | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 56 | punct |
| 41 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 Oni | punct |
| 42 | Oni | Oni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 56 | appos |
| 43 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 44 kakuran | det |
| 44 | kakuran | kakuran | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Oni | appos |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 cholera | punct |
| 46 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 cholera | punct |
| 47 | devil | devil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 cholera | nmod:poss |
| 48 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 47 devil | case |
| 49 | cholera | cholera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Oni | appos |
| 50 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 cholera | punct |
| 51 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 52 said | punct |
| 52 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 cholera | acl |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 sickness | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 sickness | det |
| 55 | unexpected | unexpected | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 sickness | amod |
| 56 | sickness | sickness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 said | obl |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 person | case |
| 58 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 63 person | det |
| 59 | very | very | ADV | _ | 60 strong | advmod |
| 60 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 person | amod |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 healthy | cc |
| 62 | healthy | healthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 strong | conj |
| 63 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 sickness | nmod |
| 64 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 52 said | punct |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 etc. | punct |
| 66 | etc. | etc. | NOUN | Abbr=Yes Number=Plur | 42 Oni | conj |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 etc. | punct |
| 68 | etc. | etc. | NOUN | Abbr=Yes Number=Plur | 42 Oni | conj |
| 69 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 71 class | punct |
| 70 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 class | det |
| 71 | class | class | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 56 | conj |
| 72 | of | of | ADP | _ | 73 demons | case |
| 73 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 class | nmod |
| 74 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 73 demons | acl |
| 75 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 76 Oni | punct |
| 76 | Oni | Oni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 74 called | xcomp |
| 77 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 76 Oni | punct |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 80 belong | punct |
| 79 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 80 belong | advmod |
| 80 | belong | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 73 demons | conj |
| 81 | to | to | ADP | _ | 84 hells | case |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 hells | det |
| 83 | Buddhist | Buddhist | PROPN | Number=Sing | 84 hells | compound |
| 84 | hells | hell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 80 belong | obl |
| 85 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 88 act | punct |
| 86 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 88 act | advmod |
| 87 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 88 act | nsubj |
| 88 | act | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 84 hells | acl:relcl |
| 89 | as | as | ADP | _ | 90 torturers | case |
| 90 | torturers | torturer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 88 act | obl |
| 91 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 92 jailers | cc |
| 92 | jailers | jailer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 90 torturers | conj |
| 93 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 56 | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | many curious sayings and proverbs about the oni or Buddhist devil and tears in a devil's eyes | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | participle | devil's cholera not said here | of the unexpected sickness of some strong person | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | demons not said here | Oni xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | belong | present | to the Buddhist hells; properly property | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | act | present | oni | as torturers and jailers | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as torturer=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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