In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3, sentence 35
“But you know,” I observed, “that there are Buddhist texts,—in the _Saddharma Pundarîka_, for example, and in the _Vinayas_,—which forbid….”
Who acts: you, I, Saddharma · What happens: know, observe, be, forbid · To what, where: Buddhist texts · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, Saddharma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 observed | punct |
| 2 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 know | cc |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 observed | parataxis |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 observed | nsubj |
| 8 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 forbid | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 texts | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 texts | punct |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 are | mark |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 are | expl |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 texts | cop |
| 14 | Buddhist | buddhist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 texts | amod |
| 15 | texts | text | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 observed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 observed | punct |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 Saddharma | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 Saddharma | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Saddharma | det |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 Saddharma | punct |
| 21 | Saddharma | Saddharma | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 forbid | nsubj |
| 22 | Pundarîka | Pundarîka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Saddharma | flat |
| 23 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 Saddharma | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 example | punct |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 example | case |
| 26 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Saddharma | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Vinayas | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Vinayas | cc |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 Vinayas | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Vinayas | det |
| 31 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 32 Vinayas | punct |
| 32 | Vinayas | Vinayas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Saddharma | appos |
| 33 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 32 Vinayas | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 forbid | punct |
| 35 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 forbid | punct |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 forbid | nsubj |
| 37 | forbid | forbid | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 38 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 37 forbid | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 forbid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know in a quote | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | observe | past | I | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | Buddhist texts | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | forbid in a quote | infinitive | the Saddharma for example | which nsubj | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/26/35/