In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 103
Upon the point of a long nail, driven up through the centre of the bottom, was fixed a lighted candle.
What happens: drive up, fix, light, point · To what, where: long nail, centre, lighted candle
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | ADP | _ | 3 point | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 point | det |
| 3 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fixed | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 nail | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 nail | det |
| 6 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 nail | amod |
| 7 | nail | nail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 point | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 driven | punct |
| 9 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 nail | acl |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 driven | compound:prt |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 centre | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 centre | det |
| 13 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 driven | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 bottom | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 bottom | det |
| 16 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 centre | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 point | punct |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 fixed | aux:pass |
| 19 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 candle | det |
| 21 | lighted | light | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 candle | amod |
| 22 | candle | candle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fixed | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 fixed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive up | participle | a long nail not said here | the centre of the bottom | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through centre=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | fix | past · passive | a lighted candle | upon the point of a long nail | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: candle=Patient | ||||
| 3 | light | participle | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | point | a long nail | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/103/