In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 146

By the middle of the afternoon, the waves had become wonderful; and I sat on the sea-wall, and watched them until sundown.

Who acts: waves, I · What happens: become, sit, watch · To what, where: sea wall, wall

This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (waves, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 middle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 middle	det
3	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 become	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 afternoon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 afternoon	det
6	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 middle	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 middle	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 waves	det
9	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 become	nsubj
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 become	aux
11	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
12	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 become	xcomp
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 sat	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 sat	cc
15	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 sat	nsubj
16	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 become	parataxis
17	on	on	ADP	_	21 wall	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 wall	det
19	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 wall	compound
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	19 sea	punct
21	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 sat	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 watched	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 watched	cc
24	watched	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 sat	conj
25	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 watched	obj
26	until	until	ADP	_	27 sundown	case
27	sundown	sundown	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 watched	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 become	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past · perfect	the waves				by the middle of the afternoon; wonderful property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	sit	past	I		the sea wall			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wall=Location
3	watch	past	I not said here	wall		until sundown		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/146/

🌲 In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 146

The tree

Pragmatics

In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 146