In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 149
I thought of the great dead Russian general who made his army to storm as a sea,—wave upon wave of steel,—thunder following thunder….
Who acts: I, great dead Russian general, thunder · What happens: think, make, storm, wave, follow · To what, where: army, wave, thunder, steel · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, great dead Russian general, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 general | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 general | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 general | amod |
| 6 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 general | amod |
| 7 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 general | amod |
| 8 | general | general | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 thought | obl |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 made | nsubj |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 general | acl:relcl |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 army | nmod:poss |
| 12 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 storm | mark |
| 14 | storm | storm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 made | advcl |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 sea | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 sea | det |
| 17 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 storm | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wave | punct |
| 19 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 wave | punct |
| 20 | wave | wave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 thought | ccomp |
| 21 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 22 wave | case |
| 22 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wave | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 steel | case |
| 24 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 wave | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 thunder | punct |
| 26 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 thunder | punct |
| 27 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wave | parataxis |
| 28 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 thunder | acl |
| 29 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 following | obj |
| 30 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 2 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | I | of the great dead Russian general | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | past | the great dead Russian general | peal's army | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Product | ||||
| 3 | storm | to-infinitive | the great dead Russian general not said here | as a sea | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | ||||
| 4 | wave | infinitive | wave of steel | thunder parataxis | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon wave=Location | ||||
| 5 | follow | gerund | thunder not said here | thunder | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thunder=Theme | ||||
| 6 | wave | steel | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/149/