In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 169
Deeper than these distinct shocks of noise, and all the storming of the nearer waves, was the bass of the further surf,—a ceaseless abysmal muttering to which the building trembled,—a sound that seemed to imagination like the sound of the trampling of infinite cavalry, the massing of incalculable artillery,—some rushing, from the Sunrise, of armies wide as the world.
Who acts: storming, building, sound, ceaseless abysmal muttering, some, infinite cavalry · What happens: be, tremble, seem, mass, rush, shock · To what, where: bass, Deeper distinct shocks, noise
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storming, building, sound, ceaseless abysmal muttering), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deeper | deep | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 shocks | amod |
| 2 | than | than | ADP | _ | 5 shocks | case |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 shocks | det |
| 4 | distinct | distinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 shocks | amod |
| 5 | shocks | shock | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 noise | case |
| 7 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shocks | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bass | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 bass | cc |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 storming | det:predet |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 storming | det |
| 12 | storming | storming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bass | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 waves | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 waves | det |
| 15 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 waves | amod |
| 16 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 storming | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 storming | punct |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 bass | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bass | det |
| 20 | bass | bass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shocks | parataxis |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 surf | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 surf | det |
| 23 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 surf | amod |
| 24 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bass | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bass | punct |
| 26 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 muttering | punct |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 muttering | det |
| 28 | ceaseless | ceaseless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 muttering | amod |
| 29 | abysmal | abysmal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 muttering | amod |
| 30 | muttering | muttering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shocks | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 which | case |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 trembled | obl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 building | det |
| 34 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 trembled | nsubj |
| 35 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 muttering | acl:relcl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 sound | punct |
| 37 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 sound | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 sound | det |
| 39 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 muttering | conj |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 seemed | nsubj |
| 41 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 sound | acl:relcl |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 imagination | case |
| 43 | imagination | imagination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 seemed | obl |
| 44 | like | like | ADP | _ | 46 sound | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 sound | det |
| 46 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 imagination | nmod |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 trampling | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 trampling | det |
| 49 | trampling | trampling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 sound | nmod |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 cavalry | case |
| 51 | infinite | infinite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 cavalry | amod |
| 52 | cavalry | cavalry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 trampling | nmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 massing | punct |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 massing | det |
| 55 | massing | mass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 muttering | acl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 artillery | case |
| 57 | incalculable | incalculable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 artillery | amod |
| 58 | artillery | artillery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 massing | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 shocks | punct |
| 60 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 62 rushing | punct |
| 61 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 62 rushing | nsubj |
| 62 | rushing | rush | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 shocks | acl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 Sunrise | punct |
| 64 | from | from | ADP | _ | 66 Sunrise | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 Sunrise | det |
| 66 | Sunrise | sunrise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 rushing | obl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 armies | punct |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 armies | case |
| 69 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 wide | obl:unmarked |
| 70 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 Sunrise | amod |
| 71 | as | as | ADP | _ | 73 world | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 world | det |
| 73 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 wide | obl |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 shocks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | all storming of the nearer waves | the bass | of the further surf | tree rules | |||
| 2 | tremble | past | the building | to a ceaseless abysmal muttering and a sound | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | seem | past | a sound | to imagination like the sound of the trampling of infinite cavalry | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | mass | gerund | a ceaseless abysmal muttering and a sound not said here | of incalculable artillery | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | rush | gerund | some | this Deeper distinct shocks of noise and a ceaseless abysmal muttering and a sound not said here | sunrise | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shock=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | shock | noise | nom shock «feeling transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | trample | infinite cavalry | nom trampling «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/169/