In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 24
It has been my life-long regret that I was not in India in the time of the Lord Buddha, and could not attend the great assembly on the holy mountain Gridhrakûta.
Who acts: friend, that · What happens: be, not be, not attend · To what, where: long regret, India, great assembly, holy mountain
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 regret | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 regret | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 regret | cop |
| 4 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 regret | nmod:poss |
| 5 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 long | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 life | punct |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 regret | amod |
| 8 | regret | regret | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 India | nsubj |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 India | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 India | cop |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 India | advmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 India | case |
| 14 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 regret | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 time | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 time | det |
| 17 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 India | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Buddha | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Buddha | det |
| 20 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Buddha | compound |
| 21 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 time | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 attend | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 attend | cc |
| 24 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 attend | aux |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 attend | advmod |
| 26 | attend | attend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 India | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 assembly | det |
| 28 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 assembly | amod |
| 29 | assembly | assembly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 attend | obj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 mountain | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 mountain | det |
| 32 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 mountain | amod |
| 33 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 attend | obl |
| 34 | Gridhrakûta | Gridhrakûta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 mountain | appos |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 regret | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present · perfect | friend | my long regret | my nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 2 | not is | past | that | India | time | I nsubj | tree rules | ||
| 3 | not attend | could | that not said here | the great assembly | the holy mountain | vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme assembly=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/24/