In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 33
Do not open them until you hear the voice of the Buddha preaching the Law.
Who acts: you, Buddha · What happens: not open, hear, preach · To what, where: eyes, voice, Law
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 open | aux |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 open | advmod |
| 3 | open | open | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 open | obj |
| 5 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 7 hear | mark |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 hear | nsubj |
| 7 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 open | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 voice | det |
| 9 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hear | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Buddha | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Buddha | det |
| 12 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 voice | nmod |
| 13 | preaching | preach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 Buddha | acl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Law | det |
| 15 | Law | Law | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 preaching | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 open | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not open | imperative · do-support | you not said here | eyes = eye | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hear | present | you | the voice of the Buddha | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | preach speech: other | gerund | the Buddha not said here | the Law | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/33/