In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 50
Then a sadness unspeakable fell upon him, because of the loss of the vision, and because of the thoughtlessness that had caused him to break his word.
Who acts: sadness, thoughtlessness, priest · What happens: fall, cause, break, word · To what, where: priest, word
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sadness, thoughtlessness, priest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 fell | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 sadness | det |
| 3 | sadness | sadness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fell | nsubj |
| 4 | unspeakable | unspeakable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sadness | amod |
| 5 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 fell | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 loss | punct |
| 9 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 12 loss | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 because | fixed |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 loss | det |
| 12 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fell | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 vision | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 vision | det |
| 15 | vision | vision | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 loss | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 thoughtlessness | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 thoughtlessness | cc |
| 18 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 21 thoughtlessness | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 because | fixed |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 thoughtlessness | det |
| 21 | thoughtlessness | thoughtlessness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fell | obl |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 caused | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 caused | aux |
| 24 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 thoughtlessness | acl:relcl |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 caused | iobj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 break | mark |
| 27 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 caused | xcomp |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 word | nmod:poss |
| 29 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 break | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | a sadness | then | upon priest; because the loss of the vision; because the thoughtlessness | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon he=Location | |||
| 2 | cause | past · perfect | the thoughtlessness | priest | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | break | to-infinitive | the thoughtlessness not said here | priest's word | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Patient | ||||
| 4 | word | priest | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/50/