In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 72
They were devised according to the particular requirements of the Yaidzu-fishing-industry, which supplies dried _katsuo_ (bonito) to all parts of the Empire; and it was necessary that they should be able to ride a very rough sea.
Who acts: supplies, boats · What happens: devise, accord, dry, be, ride, require · To what, where: boats, Yaidzu fishing industry, rough sea
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (supplies, boats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 devised | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 devised | aux:pass |
| 3 | devised | devise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 requirements | case |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 according | fixed |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 requirements | det |
| 7 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 requirements | amod |
| 8 | requirements | requirement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 devised | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 industry | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 industry | det |
| 11 | Yaidzu | Yaidzu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 industry | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 Yaidzu | punct |
| 13 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 industry | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 fishing | punct |
| 15 | industry | industry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 requirements | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dried | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 dried | obj |
| 18 | supplies | supplies | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 19 dried | nsubj |
| 19 | dried | dry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 industry | conj |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 katsuo | punct |
| 21 | katsuo | katsuo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dried | obj |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 katsuo | punct |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 bonito | punct |
| 24 | bonito | bonito | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 katsuo | appos |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 bonito | punct |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 parts | case |
| 27 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 parts | det |
| 28 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 dried | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Empire | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Empire | det |
| 31 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 parts | nmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 necessary | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 necessary | cc |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 necessary | expl |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 necessary | cop |
| 36 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 devised | parataxis |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 able | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 able | nsubj |
| 39 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 able | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 able | cop |
| 41 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 necessary | advcl |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 ride | mark |
| 43 | ride | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 able | xcomp |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 sea | det |
| 45 | very | very | ADV | _ | 46 rough | advmod |
| 46 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 sea | amod |
| 47 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 ride | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 devised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | devise | past · passive | boats = boat | accord the particular requirements of the Yaidzu fishing industry | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | dry | past | supplies | the Yaidzu fishing industry | to all parts of the Empire; katsuo obj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | is | past | necessary property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | is | should | boats = boat | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | ride | to-infinitive | boats = boat not said here | a rough sea | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Theme | ||||
| 7 | require | the Yaidzu fishing industry | nom requirement «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/72/