In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 106
Then suddenly he perceived, upon the freshly exposed clay of the broken tile, some Chinese characters—between the upper and lower surfaces.
Who acts: Shōko · What happens: perceive, expose, break · To what, where: exposed clay
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shōko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 perceived | advmod |
| 2 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 4 perceived | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 perceived | nsubj |
| 4 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 clay | punct |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 10 clay | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 clay | det |
| 8 | freshly | freshly | ADV | _ | 9 exposed | advmod |
| 9 | exposed | expose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 clay | amod |
| 10 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 perceived | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 tile | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 tile | det |
| 13 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 tile | amod |
| 14 | tile | tile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 clay | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 characters | punct |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 characters | det |
| 17 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 characters | amod |
| 18 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tile | conj |
| 19 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 upper | punct |
| 20 | between | between | ADP | _ | 22 upper | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 upper | det |
| 22 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 perceived | parataxis |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 surfaces | cc |
| 24 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 surfaces | amod |
| 25 | surfaces | surface | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 upper | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | past | Shōko | the exposed clay of the broken tile and some Chinese characters | then | suddenly property | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer clay=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | expose | participle | freshly property | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 3 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/106/