In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 113
“After having carefully examined the shards, the tilemaker said: —‘This tile was made in my house; but the characters in the clay were written by an old man—a fortune-teller,—who asked permission to write upon the tile before it was baked.’
Who acts: tilemaker, old man · What happens: have, examine, say, make, write, ask · To what, where: shards, tile, house, characters, permission, tilemaker · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tilemaker, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 examined | punct |
| 2 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 3 having | mark |
| 3 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 examined | advcl |
| 4 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 3 having | advmod |
| 5 | examined | examine | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | ccomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 shards | det |
| 7 | shards | shard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 examined | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 examined | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tilemaker | det |
| 10 | tilemaker | tilemaker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 made | punct |
| 14 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 made | punct |
| 15 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 tile | det |
| 16 | tile | tile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 made | aux:pass |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 said | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 house | case |
| 20 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 house | nmod:poss |
| 21 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 written | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 written | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 characters | det |
| 25 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 written | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 clay | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 clay | det |
| 28 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 characters | nmod |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 written | aux:pass |
| 30 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 said | advcl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 man | case |
| 32 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 man | det |
| 33 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 man | amod |
| 34 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 written | obl |
| 35 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 teller | punct |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 teller | det |
| 37 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 teller | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 fortune | punct |
| 39 | teller | teller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 man | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 written | punct |
| 41 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 asked | punct |
| 42 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 asked | nsubj |
| 43 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | parataxis |
| 44 | permission | permission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 asked | obj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 write | mark |
| 46 | write | write | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 permission | acl |
| 47 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 49 tile | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 tile | det |
| 49 | tile | tile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 write | obl |
| 50 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 53 baked | mark |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 baked | nsubj:pass |
| 52 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 baked | aux:pass |
| 53 | baked | bake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 write | advcl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 43 asked | punct |
| 55 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 43 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have in a quote | gerund | carefully property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | examine in a quote | past | the shards | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shard=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the tilemaker | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | make in a quote | past · passive | this tile | my house | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | write in a quote | past · passive | a old man and a fortune teller | the characters in the clay | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask in a quote | past | permission | who nsubj | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent permission=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | write in a quote | to-infinitive | permission not said here | upon the tile | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | bake in a quote | past · passive | tilemaker | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/113/