In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 12
The incense first mentioned, for example, is called by the poets’ name for the gloaming,—_Tasogaré_ (lit: “Who is there?” or “ Who is it?”)—a word which in this relation hints of the toilet-perfume that reveals some charming presence to the lover waiting in the dusk.
Who acts: incense, name, Tasogaré lit, word, toilet perfume, lover · What happens: mention, call, be, word, hint, reveal · To what, where: incense, word, relation, charming presence, lover · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (incense, name, Tasogaré lit, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 incense | det |
| 2 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 mentioned | advmod |
| 4 | mentioned | mention | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 incense | acl:relcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 example | punct |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 example | case |
| 7 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mentioned | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 incense | punct |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 called | aux:pass |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 name | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 poets | det |
| 13 | poets | poet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 name | nmod:poss |
| 14 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 13 poets | case |
| 15 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | obl |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 gloaming | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 gloaming | det |
| 18 | gloaming | gloaming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 name | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 called | punct |
| 20 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 lit | punct |
| 21 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 25 lit | punct |
| 22 | Tasogaré | Tasogaré | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 lit | compound |
| 23 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 22 Tasogaré | punct |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 lit | punct |
| 25 | lit | lit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | parataxis |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 is | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 is | punct |
| 28 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 is | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 lit | parataxis |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 29 is | expl |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 25 lit | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 lit | punct |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 43 word | cc |
| 34 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 word | punct |
| 35 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 it | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 it | cop |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 word | nsubj |
| 38 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 37 it | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 it | punct |
| 40 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 37 it | punct |
| 41 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 word | punct |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 word | det |
| 43 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lit | conj |
| 44 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 hints | obj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 relation | case |
| 46 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 47 relation | det |
| 47 | relation | relation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 hints | obl |
| 48 | hints | hint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 word | acl:relcl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 perfume | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 perfume | det |
| 51 | toilet | toilet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 perfume | compound |
| 52 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 51 toilet | punct |
| 53 | perfume | perfume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 hints | obl |
| 54 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 55 reveals | nsubj |
| 55 | reveals | reveal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 perfume | acl:relcl |
| 56 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 58 presence | det |
| 57 | charming | charming | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 presence | amod |
| 58 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 reveals | obj |
| 59 | to | to | ADP | _ | 61 lover | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 lover | det |
| 61 | lover | lover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 reveals | obl |
| 62 | waiting | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 61 lover | acl |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 dusk | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 dusk | det |
| 65 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 waiting | obl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mention speech: other | past | the incense not said here | for example; first property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | call speech: ask | present · passive | the poets's name for the gloaming | the incense | Tasogaré lit or a word parataxis | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | |||
| 3 | does in a quote | present | Tasogaré lit or a word | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | a word | Incense | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | word | Incense | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | hint speech: other | present | a word | this relation | of the toilet perfume | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent which=Topic | |||
| 7 | reveal | present | the toilet perfume | some charming presence | the lover | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent presence=Topic to lover=Recipient | |||
| 8 | wait | gerund | the lover not said here | dusk | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | name | the poets | for the gloaming | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent for=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/12/