In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 26
Sometimes an incense is used worth even more than $30.00 per envelope: this contains _ranjatai_, an aromatic of which the perfume is compared to that of “musk mingled with orchid-flowers.”
Who acts: this, musk · What happens: use, contain, compare, mingle · To what, where: incense, ranjatai, perfume
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, musk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 5 used | advmod |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 incense | det |
| 3 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 used | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 used | aux:pass |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 used | xcomp |
| 7 | even | even | ADV | _ | 8 more | advmod |
| 8 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 used | advmod |
| 9 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 $ | case |
| 10 | $ | $ | SYM | _ | 8 more | obl |
| 11 | 30.00 | 30.00 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 $ | nummod |
| 12 | per | per | ADP | _ | 13 envelope | case |
| 13 | envelope | envelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 $ | nmod |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 contains | punct |
| 15 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 contains | nsubj |
| 16 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 used | parataxis |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 18 ranjatai | punct |
| 18 | ranjatai | ranjatai | X | Foreign=Yes | 16 contains | obj |
| 19 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 18 ranjatai | punct |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 aromatic | punct |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 aromatic | det |
| 22 | aromatic | aromatic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 contains | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 compared | obl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 perfume | det |
| 26 | perfume | perfume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 compared | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 compared | aux:pass |
| 28 | compared | compare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 aromatic | acl:relcl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 that | case |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 compared | obj |
| 31 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 34 mingled | mark |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 mingled | punct |
| 33 | musk | musk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 mingled | nsubj |
| 34 | mingled | mingle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 that | advcl |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 flowers | case |
| 36 | orchid | orchid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 flowers | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 orchid | punct |
| 38 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 mingled | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 aromatic | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 contains | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | a incense | sometimes, worth property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | contain | present | this | ranjatai | a aromatic obl | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ranjatai=Theme | |||
| 3 | compare | present · passive | the perfume | of a aromatic | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | mingle in a quote | past | musk | with orchid flowers | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with flower=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/26/