In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 36
In this economical era, the _Kō-kwai_ takes of necessity a much humbler form than it assumed in the time of the great daimyō, of the princely abbots, and of the military aristocracy.
Who acts: Kō kwai, kwai · What happens: take, assume · To what, where: much humbler form, economical era
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kō kwai, kwai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 era | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 era | det |
| 3 | economical | economical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 era | amod |
| 4 | era | era | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 era | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 kwai | det |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 kwai | punct |
| 8 | Kō | Kō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 kwai | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 Kō | punct |
| 10 | kwai | kwai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | nsubj |
| 11 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 kwai | punct |
| 12 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 necessity | case |
| 14 | necessity | necessity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obl |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 form | det |
| 16 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 form | amod |
| 17 | humbler | humbler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 form | compound |
| 18 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obj |
| 19 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 21 assumed | mark |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 assumed | nsubj |
| 21 | assumed | assume | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 form | acl:relcl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 time | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 time | det |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 assumed | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 daimyō | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 daimyō | det |
| 27 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 daimyō | amod |
| 28 | daimyō | daimyō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 time | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 abbots | punct |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 abbots | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 abbots | det |
| 32 | princely | princely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 abbots | amod |
| 33 | abbots | abbot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 assumed | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 aristocracy | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 aristocracy | cc |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 aristocracy | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 aristocracy | det |
| 38 | military | military | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 aristocracy | amod |
| 39 | aristocracy | aristocracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 takes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present | the Kō kwai | a much humbler form | this economical era | of necessity; of the military aristocracy | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent form=Theme of necessity=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | assume | past | kwai | a much humbler form not said here | time | of the princely abbots | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/36/