In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 66
Only last year, in Tōkyō, at an exhibition of new kakemono, I saw a picture of a young wife kneeling before an alcove wherein the smoke of the magical incense was shaping the shadow of the absent husband.
Who acts: Tōkyō, picture, smoke, magical incense · What happens: see, kneel, shape, exhibit, smoke, shadow · To what, where: picture, alcove, shadow, new kakemono, absent husband
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tōkyō, picture, smoke, magical incense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 year | advmod |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 year | amod |
| 3 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Tōkyō | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Tōkyō | case |
| 6 | Tōkyō | Tōkyō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 exhibition | punct |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 exhibition | case |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 exhibition | det |
| 10 | exhibition | exhibition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Tōkyō | appos |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 kakemono | case |
| 12 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 kakemono | amod |
| 13 | kakemono | kakemono | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 exhibition | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Tōkyō | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 saw | nsubj |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 picture | det |
| 18 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 wife | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 wife | det |
| 21 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 wife | amod |
| 22 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 picture | nmod |
| 23 | kneeling | kneel | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 picture | acl |
| 24 | before | before | ADP | _ | 26 alcove | case |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 alcove | det |
| 26 | alcove | alcove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 kneeling | obl |
| 27 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 shaping | advmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 smoke | det |
| 29 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shaping | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 incense | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 incense | det |
| 32 | magical | magical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 incense | amod |
| 33 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 smoke | nmod |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 shaping | aux |
| 35 | shaping | shape | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 kneeling | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 shadow | det |
| 37 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shaping | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 husband | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 husband | det |
| 40 | absent | absent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 husband | amod |
| 41 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 shadow | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Tōkyō | a picture of a young wife | year | I nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | kneel | gerund | a picture of a young wife not said here | a alcove | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before alcove=Location | ||||
| 3 | shape | past · progressive | the smoke of the magical incense | the shadow of the absent husband | wherein property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shadow=Product | |||
| 4 | exhibit | new kakemono | nom exhibition «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | smoke | the magical incense | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 6 | shadow | the absent husband | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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