In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 90
But partly because the habit of wandering had become with him a second nature, and partly because of a love of independence as savage as a gipsy’s, I was never able to keep him with me for more than two days at a time.
Who acts: habit, I · What happens: wonder, become, not be, keep, love · To what, where: second nature, Tōkyō, independence
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (habit, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 become | cc |
| 2 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 9 become | advmod |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 become | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 habit | det |
| 5 | habit | habit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 become | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 wandering | mark |
| 7 | wandering | wonder | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 habit | acl |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 become | aux |
| 9 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 become | obl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 nature | det |
| 13 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 nature | amod |
| 14 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 become | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 love | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 love | cc |
| 17 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 21 love | advmod |
| 18 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 21 love | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 because | fixed |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 love | det |
| 21 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 nature | appos |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 independence | case |
| 23 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 love | nmod |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 savage | case |
| 25 | savage | savage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 love | nmod |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 gipsy | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 gipsy | det |
| 28 | gipsy | gipsy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 savage | obl |
| 29 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 28 gipsy | case |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 able | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 able | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 able | cop |
| 33 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 34 able | advmod |
| 34 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 savage | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 keep | mark |
| 36 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 able | xcomp |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 keep | obj |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 me | case |
| 39 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 keep | obl |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 days | case |
| 41 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 43 two | advmod |
| 42 | than | than | ADP | _ | 41 more | fixed |
| 43 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 days | nummod |
| 44 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 keep | obl |
| 45 | at | at | ADP | _ | 47 time | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 time | det |
| 47 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 keep | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wonder speech: ask | gerund | the habit not said here | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | become | past · perfect | the habit | a second nature | with Tōkyō; partly property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 3 | not is | past | I | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | I not said here | Tōkyō | day; time | with me | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||
| 5 | love | independence | nom love «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/90/