In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 1, sentence 97
“Any one learned in that science,” he said, “would be able, for example, not only to tell you the exact time at which any post or beam of this house will yield to decay, but even to tell you the direction of the breaking, and all its results.
Who acts: science, post, breaking · What happens: learn, say, be, not tell, yield, decay · To what, where: one, science, results, you, direction · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (science, post, breaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 2 | Any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 one | det |
| 3 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | ccomp |
| 4 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 one | acl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 science | case |
| 6 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 science | det |
| 7 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 learned | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 able | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 able | punct |
| 14 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 able | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 able | cop |
| 16 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 said | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 example | punct |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 example | case |
| 19 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 able | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 tell | punct |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 tell | advmod |
| 22 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 tell | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 tell | mark |
| 24 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 said | ccomp |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 tell | iobj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 time | det |
| 27 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 time | amod |
| 28 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tell | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 which | case |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 yield | obl |
| 31 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 post | det |
| 32 | post | post | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 yield | nsubj |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 beam | cc |
| 34 | beam | beam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 post | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 house | case |
| 36 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 house | det |
| 37 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 post | nmod |
| 38 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 yield | aux |
| 39 | yield | yield | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 time | acl:relcl |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 decay | mark |
| 41 | decay | decay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 yield | xcomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 tell | punct |
| 43 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 tell | cc |
| 44 | even | even | ADV | _ | 46 tell | advmod |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 tell | mark |
| 46 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 tell | conj |
| 47 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 tell | iobj |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 direction | det |
| 49 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 tell | obj |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 breaking | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 breaking | det |
| 52 | breaking | breaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 direction | nmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 results | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 results | cc |
| 55 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 57 results | det:predet |
| 56 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 57 results | nmod:poss |
| 57 | results | result | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 said | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn in a quote | participle | any one not said here | that science | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | science | breaking's results | any one ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | is in a quote | would | for example; able property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | not tell speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | you | time | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | yield in a quote | future | any post of this house or beam | at the exact time | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | decay in a quote | to-infinitive | any post of this house or beam not said here | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | tell speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | the direction of the breaking | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient direction=Topic | ||||
| 8 | result in a quote | breaking | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/3/97/