In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 110
“Then the Buddha immediately descended with Nanda to the depths of the hells, and took him into a torture-chamber where myriads of men and women were being boiled alive in great caldrons, and otherwise horribly tormented by devils.
Who acts: Buddha · What happens: descend, take, boil, torment · To what, where: depths, Buddha, torture chamber, myriads
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 descended | punct |
| 2 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 descended | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Buddha | det |
| 4 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 descended | nsubj |
| 5 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 6 descended | advmod |
| 6 | descended | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 Nanda | case |
| 8 | Nanda | Nanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 descended | obl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 depths | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 depths | det |
| 11 | depths | depth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 descended | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 hells | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 hells | det |
| 14 | hells | hell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 depths | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 took | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 took | cc |
| 17 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 descended | parataxis |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 took | obj |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 chamber | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 chamber | det |
| 21 | torture | torture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 chamber | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 torture | punct |
| 23 | chamber | chamber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 took | obl |
| 24 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 boiled | advmod |
| 25 | myriads | myriad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 boiled | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 men | case |
| 27 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 myriads | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 women | cc |
| 29 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 men | conj |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 boiled | aux:pass |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 boiled | aux:pass |
| 32 | boiled | boil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 chamber | acl:relcl |
| 33 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 boiled | xcomp |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 caldrons | case |
| 35 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 caldrons | amod |
| 36 | caldrons | caldron | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 alive | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 tormented | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 tormented | cc |
| 39 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 41 tormented | advmod |
| 40 | horribly | horribly | ADV | _ | 41 tormented | advmod |
| 41 | tormented | torment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 took | conj |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 devils | case |
| 43 | devils | devil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 tormented | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 descended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend in a quote | past | the Buddha | the depths of the hells | then | with Nanda; immediately property | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to depth=Location | ||
| 2 | take in a quote | past | Buddha | a torture chamber | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into chamber=Destination | ||||
| 3 | boil in a quote | past · passive | myriads of men and women | alive property | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | torment in a quote | participle | by devils; horribly, otherwise property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/110/