In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 115
Nanda did so; and the devil said to him: ‘There is a man called Nanda,—now one of Shaka’s disciples,—about to be reborn into one of the heavens, on account of his former good actions.
Who acts: Nanda, devil · What happens: do, say, be, call, reborn, account · To what, where: Nanda, man, account, former good actions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nanda, devil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nanda | Nanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 did | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 2 did | advmod |
| 4 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 devil | det |
| 7 | devil | devil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | nsubj |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 man | parataxis |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 said | obl |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 is | punct |
| 12 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 is | punct |
| 13 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 is | expl |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 man | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 man | det |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 did | obl |
| 17 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 man | acl |
| 18 | Nanda | Nanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 called | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 one | punct |
| 20 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 one | punct |
| 21 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 one | advmod |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 man | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 disciples | case |
| 24 | Shaka | Shaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 disciples | nmod:poss |
| 25 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 24 Shaka | case |
| 26 | disciples | disciple | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 one | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 reborn | punct |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 reborn | punct |
| 29 | about | about | ADV | _ | 32 reborn | advmod |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 reborn | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 reborn | aux:pass |
| 32 | reborn | reborn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 did | conj |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 34 one | case |
| 34 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 reborn | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 heavens | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 heavens | det |
| 37 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 one | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 account | punct |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 account | case |
| 40 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 reborn | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 actions | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 actions | nmod:poss |
| 43 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 actions | amod |
| 44 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 actions | amod |
| 45 | actions | action | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 account | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | Nanda | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the devil | Nanda | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | a man | one of Shaka's disciples conj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | a man not said here | Nanda xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | reborn | to-infinitive · passive | Nanda not said here | account of Nanda's former good actions | into one of the heavens; about property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | account | Nanda's former good actions | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | act | Nanda | nom action «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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