In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 80
Buddhism—which, in its own grand way, is a doctrine of evolution—rationally proclaims its heaven but a higher stage of development through pain, and teaches that even in paradise the cessation of effort produces degradation.
Who acts: Buddhism, paradise · What happens: be, proclaim, teach, produce, cease · To what, where: doctrine, heaven, pain, degradation, effort · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddhism, paradise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 doctrine | nsubj |
| 2 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 way | punct |
| 3 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 way | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 way | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 way | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 way | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 way | amod |
| 8 | grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 way | amod |
| 9 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Buddhism | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Buddhism | punct |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 doctrine | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 doctrine | det |
| 13 | doctrine | doctrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 evolution | case |
| 15 | evolution | evolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 doctrine | nmod |
| 16 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 proclaims | punct |
| 17 | rationally | rationally | ADV | _ | 18 proclaims | advmod |
| 18 | proclaims | proclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 doctrine | parataxis |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 heaven | nmod:poss |
| 20 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 proclaims | obj |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 stage | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 stage | det |
| 23 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 stage | amod |
| 24 | stage | stage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heaven | conj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 development | case |
| 26 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 stage | nmod |
| 27 | through | through | ADP | _ | 28 pain | case |
| 28 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 proclaims | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 teaches | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 teaches | cc |
| 31 | teaches | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 proclaims | conj |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 produces | mark |
| 33 | even | even | ADV | _ | 35 paradise | advmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 paradise | case |
| 35 | paradise | paradise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 produces | nsubj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 cessation | det |
| 37 | cessation | cessation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 paradise | appos |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 effort | case |
| 39 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 cessation | nmod |
| 40 | produces | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 teaches | ccomp |
| 41 | degradation | degradation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 produces | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 doctrine | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Buddhism | a doctrine | of evolution | tree rules | |||
| 2 | proclaim | present | pain's heaven but a higher stage of development | pain | rationally property | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Theme | |||
| 3 | teach speech: other | present | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | produce | present | paradise | degradation | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degradation=Result | ||||
| 5 | cease | effort | nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/80/