In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 2, sentence 97
So he took Nanda to a wild place in the mountains where there were apes, and showed him a very ugly female ape, and asked him: ‘Which is the more beautiful, Nanda, —the woman that you love, or this female ape?’
Who acts: Shaka, you · What happens: take, show, ask, be, love · To what, where: Nanda, wild place, ugly female ape, Shaka, woman · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shaka, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 took | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Nanda | Nanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 place | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 place | det |
| 7 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 place | amod |
| 8 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 mountains | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 mountains | det |
| 11 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 place | nmod |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 14 were | advmod |
| 13 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 were | expl |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 mountains | acl:relcl |
| 15 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 were | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 showed | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 showed | cc |
| 18 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 showed | iobj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 ape | det |
| 21 | very | very | ADV | _ | 22 ugly | advmod |
| 22 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 ape | amod |
| 23 | female | female | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 ape | amod |
| 24 | ape | ape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 showed | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 asked | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 asked | cc |
| 27 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 asked | iobj |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 35 beautiful | punct |
| 30 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 35 beautiful | punct |
| 31 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 beautiful | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 beautiful | cop |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 beautiful | det |
| 34 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 35 beautiful | advmod |
| 35 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 asked | ccomp |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Nanda | punct |
| 37 | Nanda | Nanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 beautiful | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 woman | punct |
| 39 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 woman | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 woman | det |
| 41 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 beautiful | parataxis |
| 42 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 love | obj |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 love | nsubj |
| 44 | love | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 woman | acl:relcl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 ape | punct |
| 46 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 ape | cc |
| 47 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 49 ape | det |
| 48 | female | female | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 ape | amod |
| 49 | ape | ape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 beautiful | obl |
| 50 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 35 beautiful | punct |
| 51 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Shaka | Nanda | a wild place in the mountains | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nanda=Theme to place=Destination | |||
| 2 | show | past | Shaka not said here | a ugly female ape | Shaka | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ape=Topic | |||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | Shaka not said here | Shaka | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | is | present | Nanda obl; this female ape obl; Which nsubj; the woman parataxis; beautiful property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | love | present | you | the woman | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/4/97/