In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 101
“It was very wicked of him to say such a thing.
Who acts: discourtesy · What happens: be, say · To what, where: thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (discourtesy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 wicked | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 wicked | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 wicked | cop |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 wicked | advmod |
| 5 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 wicked | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 say | mark |
| 9 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 wicked | advcl |
| 10 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 thing | det:predet |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 thing | det |
| 12 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 say | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 wicked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | past | discourtesy | of Shijō; wicked property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | discourtesy not said here | such thing | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/5/101/