In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 3, sentence 73
But all at once this stillness was broken by a sound of women’s _geta_[4] approaching—_kara-kon, kara-kon;_—and the sound drew nearer and nearer, quickly, till it reached the live-hedge surrounding the garden.
Who acts: sound, stillness, live hedge · What happens: break, approach, draw, reach, surround · To what, where: stillness, _ kara kon, live hedge, garden
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound, stillness, live hedge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 broken | cc |
| 2 | all | all | ADV | _ | 4 once | advmod |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 once | case |
| 4 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 broken | advmod |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 stillness | det |
| 6 | stillness | stillness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 broken | aux:pass |
| 8 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 sound | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 sound | det |
| 11 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 broken | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 women | case |
| 13 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sound | conj |
| 14 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 13 women | case |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 geta | punct |
| 16 | geta | geta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 broken | obl |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 4 | punct |
| 18 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 19 4 | punct |
| 19 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 broken | appos |
| 20 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 19 4 | punct |
| 21 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 broken | advcl |
| 22 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 kon | punct |
| 23 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 kon | amod |
| 24 | kara | kara | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 kon | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 kara | punct |
| 26 | kon | kon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 approaching | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 kon | punct |
| 28 | kara | kara | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 kon | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 kara | punct |
| 30 | kon | kon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 kon | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 broken | punct |
| 32 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 broken | punct |
| 33 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 drew | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 drew | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sound | det |
| 36 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 drew | nsubj |
| 37 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 broken | parataxis |
| 38 | nearer | near | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 37 drew | advmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 nearer | cc |
| 40 | nearer | near | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 38 nearer | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 quickly | punct |
| 42 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 37 drew | advmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 reached | punct |
| 44 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 46 reached | mark |
| 45 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 reached | nsubj |
| 46 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 drew | conj |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 hedge | det |
| 48 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 hedge | amod |
| 49 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 48 live | punct |
| 50 | hedge | hedge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 reached | obj |
| 51 | surrounding | surround | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 50 hedge | acl |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 garden | det |
| 53 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 surrounding | obj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 broken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | past · passive | a sound and women | this stillness | geta obl; 4 appos; once property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | approach | gerund | a sound and women not said here | _ kara kon and kara kon | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | draw | past | the sound | near, quickly property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | reach | past | stillness | the live hedge | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent hedge=Theme | ||||
| 5 | surround | gerund | the live hedge not said here | the garden | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme garden=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/5/73/