In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 114
Each Japanese hour was equal to two European hours, so that there were only six hours instead of our twelve; and these six hours were counted backwards in the order,—9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.
Who acts: Japanese hour, six hours · What happens: be, count · To what, where: six hours, order
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japanese hour, six hours), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 hour | det |
| 2 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 hour | amod |
| 3 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 equal | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 equal | cop |
| 5 | equal | equal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 hours | case |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 hours | nummod |
| 8 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hours | amod |
| 9 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 equal | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 were | punct |
| 11 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 14 were | mark |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 so | fixed |
| 13 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 were | expl |
| 14 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 equal | parataxis |
| 15 | only | only | ADV | _ | 16 six | advmod |
| 16 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 hours | nummod |
| 17 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 were | nsubj |
| 18 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 21 twelve | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 instead | fixed |
| 20 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 twelve | nmod:poss |
| 21 | twelve | twelve | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 hours | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 counted | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 counted | cc |
| 24 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 hours | det |
| 25 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 hours | nummod |
| 26 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 counted | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 counted | aux:pass |
| 28 | counted | count | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 equal | conj |
| 29 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 28 counted | advmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 order | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 order | det |
| 32 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 counted | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 9 | punct |
| 34 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 9 | punct |
| 35 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 counted | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 8 | punct |
| 37 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 9 | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 7 | punct |
| 39 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 8 | flat |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 6 | punct |
| 41 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 9 | parataxis |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 5 | punct |
| 43 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | nmod:unmarked |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 4 | punct |
| 45 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 equal | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | each Japanese hour | hour | equal property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | be | past | six hours instead our twelve | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | count | past · passive | this six hours | the order | 9 obl; backwards property | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/114/