In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 51
Feeling at last certain that further research would be useless, he turned homeward by the shortest way, which happened to lead through the grounds of the temple Shin-Banzui-In.
Who acts: further research, Shitaya, shortest way · What happens: feel, be, turn, happen, lead · To what, where: last certain, homeward, grounds
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (further research, Shitaya, shortest way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Feeling | feel | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 certain | case |
| 3 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 certain | amod |
| 4 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Feeling | obl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 useless | mark |
| 6 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 research | amod |
| 7 | research | research | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 useless | nsubj |
| 8 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 useless | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 useless | cop |
| 10 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Feeling | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 turned | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 turned | nsubj |
| 13 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 useless | conj |
| 14 | homeward | homeward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 turned | obj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 way | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 way | det |
| 17 | shortest | short | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 18 way | amod |
| 18 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 turned | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 happened | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 happened | nsubj |
| 21 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 way | acl:relcl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 lead | mark |
| 23 | lead | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 happened | xcomp |
| 24 | through | through | ADP | _ | 26 grounds | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 grounds | det |
| 26 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 23 lead | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 temple | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 temple | det |
| 29 | temple | temple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 grounds | nmod |
| 30 | Shin | Shin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 In | nsubj |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 Banzui | punct |
| 32 | Banzui | Banzui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Shin | flat |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 In | punct |
| 34 | In | in | ADP | _ | 29 temple | acl:relcl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Feeling | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | feel | gerund | last certain | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at certain=Location | |||||
| 2 | is | would | further research | useless property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | turn | past | Shitaya | homeward | by the shortest way | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent homeward=Theme | |||
| 4 | happen | past | the shortest way | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | lead | to-infinitive | the shortest way not said here | the grounds of the temple | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through grounds=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/51/