In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 53
One was a common tomb, such as might have been erected for a person of humble rank: the other was a large and handsome monument; and hanging before it was a beautiful peony-lantern, which had probably been left there at the time of the Festival of the Dead.
Who acts: One, person · What happens: be, erect, hang, leave · To what, where: common tomb, large monument, beautiful peony lantern
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 tomb | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tomb | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tomb | det |
| 4 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tomb | amod |
| 5 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 erected | punct |
| 7 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 12 erected | mark |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 such | fixed |
| 9 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 erected | aux |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 erected | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 erected | aux:pass |
| 12 | erected | erect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tomb | conj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 person | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 person | det |
| 15 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 monument | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 rank | case |
| 17 | humble | humble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 rank | amod |
| 18 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 person | nmod |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 other | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 other | det |
| 21 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 rank | conj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 monument | cop |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 monument | det |
| 24 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 monument | amod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 handsome | cc |
| 26 | handsome | handsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 large | conj |
| 27 | monument | monument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 erected | ccomp |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 and | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 tomb | cc |
| 30 | hanging | hang | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 and | acl |
| 31 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 lantern | mark |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 lantern | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 lantern | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 lantern | det |
| 35 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 lantern | amod |
| 36 | peony | peony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lantern | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 peony | punct |
| 38 | lantern | lantern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hanging | ccomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 left | punct |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 left | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 left | aux |
| 42 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 44 left | advmod |
| 43 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 left | aux:pass |
| 44 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 lantern | conj |
| 45 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 44 left | advmod |
| 46 | at | at | ADP | _ | 48 time | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 time | det |
| 48 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 left | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 Festival | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Festival | det |
| 51 | Festival | Festival | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 time | nmod |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 Dead | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 Dead | det |
| 54 | Dead | Dead | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 Festival | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tomb | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | One | a common tomb | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | erect | might · perfect · passive | One not said here | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP» | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | a person of humble rank | a large monument | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hang | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is a | past | person | a beautiful peony lantern | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | leave | past · perfect · passive | a beautiful peony lantern | there | time | probably property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/53/