In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 68
By spiritual vision he was able to know the secret of any sorrow, and the nature of the karma that had caused it.
Who acts: priest · What happens: be, know, cause · To what, where: secret, nature
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 vision | case |
| 2 | spiritual | spiritual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 vision | amod |
| 3 | vision | vision | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 able | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 able | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 able | cop |
| 6 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 know | mark |
| 8 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 able | xcomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 secret | det |
| 10 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 know | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 sorrow | case |
| 12 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 sorrow | det |
| 13 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 secret | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 caused | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 caused | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 nature | det |
| 17 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 karma | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 karma | det |
| 20 | karma | karma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 caused | obl |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 caused | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 caused | aux |
| 23 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 able | conj |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 caused | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 able | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | priest | by spiritual vision; able property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | to-infinitive | priest not said here | the secret of any sorrow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer secret=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | cause | past · perfect · passive | the nature | of the karma; that nsubj; secret obj | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Theme it=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/68/