In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 4, sentence 91
The Japanese have, two kinds of ghosts proper in their folk-lore: the spirits of the dead, _shiryō_; and the spirits of the living, _ikiryō_.
Who acts: Japanese · What happens: have · To what, where: two kinds, folk lore
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japanese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Japanese | det |
| 2 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 kinds | punct |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 kinds | nummod |
| 6 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 ghosts | case |
| 8 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kinds | nmod |
| 9 | proper | properly | ADV | _ | 14 lore | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 lore | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 lore | nmod:poss |
| 12 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lore | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 folk | punct |
| 14 | lore | lore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 kinds | nmod |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 spirits | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 spirits | det |
| 17 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kinds | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 dead | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 dead | det |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 spirits | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 shiryō | punct |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 shiryō | punct |
| 23 | shiryō | shiryō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spirits | appos |
| 24 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 shiryō | punct |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 spirits | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 spirits | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 spirits | det |
| 28 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | parataxis |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 living | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 living | det |
| 31 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 spirits | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 ikiryō | punct |
| 33 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 34 ikiryō | punct |
| 34 | ikiryō | ikiryō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 spirits | conj |
| 35 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 spirits | punct |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the Japanese | two kinds of ghosts and the spirits of the dead | kinds's folk lore | the spirits of the living and ikiryō parataxis | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/6/91/