In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 115
But the use of this weak character helped the author to develop incidents that could not otherwise, perhaps, have been so effectively managed.
Who acts: use, author · What happens: help, develop, manage, use · To what, where: author, incidents, weak character
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (use, author), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 helped | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 use | det |
| 3 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 helped | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 character | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 character | det |
| 6 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 character | amod |
| 7 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 use | nmod |
| 8 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 author | det |
| 10 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 helped | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 develop | mark |
| 12 | develop | develop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 helped | xcomp |
| 13 | incidents | incident | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 develop | obj |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 otherwise | nsubj |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 otherwise | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 otherwise | advmod |
| 17 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 25 managed | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 perhaps | punct |
| 19 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 17 otherwise | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 perhaps | punct |
| 21 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 managed | aux |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 managed | aux:pass |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 managed | advmod |
| 24 | effectively | effectively | ADV | _ | 25 managed | advmod |
| 25 | managed | manage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 incidents | acl:relcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 helped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | the use of this weak character | the author | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent author=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | develop | to-infinitive | the author not said here | incidents | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incident=Product | ||||
| 3 | manage | present · perfect · passive | effectively, otherwise property | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 4 | use | this weak character | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/115/