In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 2
“Oh, to think that this could happen after the pledges which we made to each other!…
Who acts: this, pledges · What happens: think, happen, make · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, pledges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 think | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 5 think | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 think | mark |
| 5 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 happen | mark |
| 7 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 happen | nsubj |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 happen | aux |
| 9 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 think | ccomp |
| 10 | after | after | ADP | _ | 12 pledges | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 pledges | det |
| 12 | pledges | pledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 happen | obl |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 made | nsubj |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 made | nsubj |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 pledges | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 each | case |
| 17 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 15 made | obl |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 each | fixed |
| 19 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 think | punct |
| 20 | … | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 think | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other in a quote | to-infinitive | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | happen in a quote | could | this | after the pledges | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make in a quote | past | the pledges | to each; we nsubj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/2/