In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 30
The reason that the _o-fuda_ has not been taken away is that my wife and I are able to live only by the help of Hagiwara Sama, and that we cannot expose him to any danger without bringing misfortune upon ourselves.
Who acts: reason, we · What happens: not take away, be, live, not expose, bring, help · To what, where: fuda _, _, danger, misfortune, Hagiwara Sama
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reason, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 reason | det |
| 2 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 able | nsubj |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 taken | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 _ | det |
| 5 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 9 _ | punct |
| 6 | o | o | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fuda | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 o | punct |
| 8 | fuda | fuda | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 _ | compound |
| 9 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 taken | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 taken | advmod |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 taken | aux:pass |
| 13 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 reason | acl |
| 14 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 taken | advmod |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 able | cop |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 able | mark |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 wife | nmod:poss |
| 18 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 able | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 I | cc |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 wife | conj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 able | cop |
| 22 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 live | mark |
| 24 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 able | xcomp |
| 25 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 help | advmod |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 help | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 help | det |
| 28 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 live | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Sama | case |
| 30 | Hagiwara | Hagiwara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Sama | compound |
| 31 | Sama | Sama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 help | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 expose | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 expose | cc |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 expose | mark |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 expose | nsubj |
| 36 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 expose | aux |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 expose | advmod |
| 38 | expose | expose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 able | conj |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 expose | obj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 danger | case |
| 41 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 danger | det |
| 42 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 expose | obl |
| 43 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 44 bringing | mark |
| 44 | bringing | bring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 expose | advcl |
| 45 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 bringing | obj |
| 46 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 47 ourselves | case |
| 47 | ourselves | ourselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 44 bringing | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 able | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not take away | present · perfect · passive | the reason not said here | the fuda _ | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | the reason | my wife I nsubj; able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | live | to-infinitive | the reason not said here | by the help of Hagiwara Sama | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by help=Location | ||||
| 4 | not expose | can | we | _ | any danger | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Theme to danger=Recipient | |||
| 5 | bring | gerund | we not said here | misfortune | upon ourselves | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent misfortune=Theme | |||
| 6 | help | Hagiwara Sama | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/30/