In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 5, sentence 93
“I have studied the _In-Yō_,[17] and the science of divination; and I make my living by telling peoples’ fortunes;—but I cannot possibly understand how you know these things.”
Who acts: Yusai, you, my · What happens: study, make, tell, not understand, know, live · To what, where: _, Yō, living, fortunes, things · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yusai, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 studied | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 studied | aux |
| 4 | studied | study | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 _ | det |
| 6 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 studied | obj |
| 7 | In | in | ADP | _ | 9 Yō | case |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 In | punct |
| 9 | Yō | Yō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 _ | nmod |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 17 | punct |
| 12 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 13 17 | punct |
| 13 | 17 | 17 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 studied | obl |
| 14 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 13 17 | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 science | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 science | det |
| 17 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 17 | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 divination | case |
| 19 | divination | divination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 science | nmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 make | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 make | cc |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 make | nsubj |
| 23 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 studied | conj |
| 24 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 living | nmod:poss |
| 25 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 make | obj |
| 26 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 27 telling | mark |
| 27 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 make | advcl |
| 28 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 fortunes | nmod:poss |
| 29 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 28 peoples | case |
| 30 | fortunes | fortune | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 telling | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 understand | cc |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 understand | nsubj |
| 35 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 understand | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 understand | advmod |
| 37 | possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 38 understand | advmod |
| 38 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 studied | conj |
| 39 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 41 know | advmod |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 know | nsubj |
| 41 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 understand | advcl |
| 42 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 43 things | det |
| 43 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 know | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 studied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | study in a quote | present · perfect | Yusai | the _ | Yō | 17 and the science of divination obl | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent _=Topic | ||
| 2 | make in a quote | present | Yusai | my living | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent living=Product | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert in a quote | gerund | Yusai not said here | peoples's fortunes | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fortune=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | not understand in a quote | can | Yusai | possibly property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | you | this things | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | live in a quote | my | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/7/93/