In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 11
I was recently surprised to find, in Anderson’s catalogue of Japanese and Chinese paintings in the British Museum, this remarkable statement:—“It is to be noted that in Japan the figure of the Buddha is never represented by the feet, or pedestal alone, as in the Amravati remains, and many other Indian art-relics.”
Who acts: I, feet, Japanese paintings · What happens: be, find, note, not represent, remain, catalogue · To what, where: catalogue, statement, figure, many other Indian art relics, Amravati, Buddha · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, feet, Japanese paintings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 surprised | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 surprised | cop |
| 3 | recently | recently | ADV | _ | 4 surprised | advmod |
| 4 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 find | mark |
| 6 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 surprised | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 catalogue | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 catalogue | case |
| 9 | Anderson | Anderson | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 catalogue | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 9 Anderson | case |
| 11 | catalogue | catalogue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 find | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 paintings | case |
| 13 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 paintings | amod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 Chinese | cc |
| 15 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Japanese | conj |
| 16 | paintings | painting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 catalogue | nmod |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 Museum | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Museum | det |
| 19 | British | British | PROPN | _ | 20 Museum | compound |
| 20 | Museum | Museum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 paintings | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 statement | punct |
| 22 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 statement | det |
| 23 | remarkable | remarkable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 statement | amod |
| 24 | statement | statement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Museum | appos |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 surprised | punct |
| 26 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 noted | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 noted | punct |
| 28 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 noted | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 noted | aux:pass |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 noted | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 noted | aux:pass |
| 32 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 surprised | conj |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 represented | mark |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 Japan | case |
| 35 | Japan | Japan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 represented | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 figure | det |
| 37 | figure | figure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 represented | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Buddha | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Buddha | det |
| 40 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 figure | nmod |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 represented | aux:pass |
| 42 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 43 represented | advmod |
| 43 | represented | represent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 noted | ccomp |
| 44 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 feet | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 feet | det |
| 46 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 represented | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 pedestal | punct |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 pedestal | cc |
| 49 | pedestal | pedestal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 noted | obl |
| 50 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 49 pedestal | advmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 remains | punct |
| 52 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 56 remains | mark |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 Amravati | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Amravati | det |
| 55 | Amravati | Amravati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 remains | obl |
| 56 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 noted | conj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 relics | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 relics | cc |
| 59 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 relics | amod |
| 60 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 relics | amod |
| 61 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 relics | amod |
| 62 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 relics | compound |
| 63 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 62 art | punct |
| 64 | relics | relic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 remains | obj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 64 relics | punct |
| 66 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 relics | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | I | recently, surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | to-infinitive | I not said here | Anderson's catalogue of Japanese paintings in the British Museum | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | note in a quote | present · passive | statement | pedestal obl | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not represent in a quote | present · passive | the feet | the figure of the Buddha | in Japan | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme in japan=Attribute | |||
| 5 | remain in a quote | present | many other Indian art relics | the Amravati | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme relic=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | catalogue | Japanese paintings in the British Museum | nom catalogue «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | figure in a quote | the Buddha | nom figure «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/11/