In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 15
The sculptures may be less common; but in Tōkyō alone there are a number of _Butsu-soku-séki_, or “Buddha-foot stones,” which I have seen,—and probably several which I have not seen.
Who acts: sculptures, number · What happens: be, see, not see · To what, where: Tōkyō
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sculptures, number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sculptures | det |
| 2 | sculptures | sculpture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 common | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 common | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 common | cop |
| 5 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 common | advmod |
| 6 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 are | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 are | cc |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Tōkyō | case |
| 10 | Tōkyō | Tōkyō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 are | obl |
| 11 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 10 Tōkyō | advmod |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 are | expl |
| 13 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 common | advcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 number | det |
| 15 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 are | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 stones | case |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 stones | punct |
| 18 | Butsu | Butsu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 stones | nsubj |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 Butsu | punct |
| 20 | soku | soku | X | Foreign=Yes | 18 Butsu | dep |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 séki | punct |
| 22 | séki | séki | X | Foreign=Yes | 18 Butsu | dep |
| 23 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 stones | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 stones | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 stones | cc |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 stones | punct |
| 27 | Buddha | buddha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 foot | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 Buddha | punct |
| 29 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stones | compound |
| 30 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 number | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 seen | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 seen | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 seen | nsubj |
| 35 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 seen | aux |
| 36 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 common | parataxis |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 seen | punct |
| 38 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 common | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 several | cc |
| 40 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 41 several | advmod |
| 41 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 common | conj |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 seen | nsubj |
| 44 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 seen | aux |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 seen | advmod |
| 46 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 several | ccomp |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 common | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | may | the sculptures | common, less property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | present | a number of foot stones Butsu | Tōkyō; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tōkyō=Location | ||||
| 3 | see | present · perfect · passive | which nsubj:pass; I nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | be | the sculptures not said here | probably property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | not see | present · perfect · passive | which nsubj:pass; I nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/15/