In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 34
Once a king who hated Buddhism caused the top of the stone to be pared off, so as to remove the impression; but after the surface had been removed, the footprints reappeared upon the stone.”
Who acts: king, footprints · What happens: hate, cause, pare off, remove, reappear · To what, where: Buddhism, top, impression, stone
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, footprints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | SCONJ | _ | 7 caused | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 king | det |
| 3 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 caused | nsubj |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 hated | nsubj |
| 5 | hated | hate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 king | acl:relcl |
| 6 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 hated | obj |
| 7 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 top | det |
| 9 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 caused | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 stone | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 stone | det |
| 12 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 top | nmod |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 pared | mark |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 pared | aux:pass |
| 15 | pared | pare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 caused | advcl |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 pared | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 remove | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 remove | advmod |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 remove | mark |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 remove | mark |
| 21 | remove | remove | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 caused | parataxis |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 impression | det |
| 23 | impression | impression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 remove | obj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 removed | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 removed | cc |
| 26 | after | after | ADP | _ | 28 surface | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 surface | det |
| 28 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 removed | obl |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 removed | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 removed | aux:pass |
| 31 | removed | remove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 remove | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 reappeared | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 footprints | det |
| 34 | footprints | footprint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 reappeared | nsubj |
| 35 | reappeared | reappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 remove | advcl |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 38 stone | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 stone | det |
| 38 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 reappeared | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 remove | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 remove | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hate | past | a king | Buddhism | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer buddhism=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | a king | the top of the stone | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition top=Patient | ||||
| 3 | pare off | to-infinitive · passive | a king not said here | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 4 | remove | to-infinitive | the impression | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impression=Theme | |||||
| 5 | remove | past · perfect · passive | after the surface | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP» | |||||
| 6 | reappear | past | the footprints | the stone | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon stone=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/34/