In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 40
Concerning the virtue of the representation of the footprints of the Buddha, there is sometimes quoted a text from the _Kwan-butsu-sanmai-kyō_ [“Buddha-dhyâna-samâdhi-sâgara-sûtra”], thus translated for me:—“In that time Shaka [“Sâkyamuni”] lifted up his foot….
What happens: concern, quote, translate, lift up, represent · To what, where: virtue, text, Kwan butsu, Buddha dhyâna, foot, footprints · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Concerning | concern | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 quoted | advcl |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 virtue | det |
| 3 | virtue | virtue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Concerning | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 representation | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 representation | det |
| 6 | representation | representation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 virtue | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 footprints | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 footprints | det |
| 9 | footprints | footprint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 representation | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Buddha | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Buddha | det |
| 12 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 footprints | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Concerning | punct |
| 14 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 quoted | expl |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 quoted | aux:pass |
| 16 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 17 quoted | advmod |
| 17 | quoted | quote | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 text | det |
| 19 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 quoted | obj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 butsu | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 butsu | det |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 25 butsu | punct |
| 23 | Kwan | Kwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 butsu | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 Kwan | punct |
| 25 | butsu | butsu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 quoted | obl |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 sanmai | punct |
| 27 | sanmai | sanmai | X | Foreign=Yes | 25 butsu | appos |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 sanmai | punct |
| 29 | kyō | kyō | X | Foreign=Yes | 27 sanmai | flat:foreign |
| 30 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 quoted | punct |
| 31 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 35 dhyâna | punct |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 dhyâna | punct |
| 33 | Buddha | buddha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dhyâna | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 Buddha | punct |
| 35 | dhyâna | dhyâna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 quoted | obl |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 samâdhi | punct |
| 37 | samâdhi | samâdhi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dhyâna | appos |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 sâgara | punct |
| 39 | sâgara | sâgara | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 samâdhi | appos |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 sûtra | punct |
| 41 | sûtra | sûtra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sâgara | conj |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 sâgara | punct |
| 43 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 37 samâdhi | punct |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 translated | punct |
| 45 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 46 translated | advmod |
| 46 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 dhyâna | acl |
| 47 | for | for | ADP | _ | 48 me | case |
| 48 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 translated | obl |
| 49 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 61 lifted | punct |
| 50 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 61 lifted | punct |
| 51 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 61 lifted | punct |
| 52 | In | in | ADP | _ | 54 time | case |
| 53 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 54 time | det |
| 54 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 lifted | obl |
| 55 | Shaka | Shaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 time | appos |
| 56 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 58 Sâkyamuni | punct |
| 57 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 Sâkyamuni | punct |
| 58 | Sâkyamuni | Sâkyamuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Shaka | appos |
| 59 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 Sâkyamuni | punct |
| 60 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 58 Sâkyamuni | punct |
| 61 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 dhyâna | conj |
| 62 | up | up | ADP | _ | 61 lifted | compound:prt |
| 63 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 foot | nmod:poss |
| 64 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 lifted | obj |
| 65 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 17 quoted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | concern | gerund | the virtue of the representation of the footprints of the Buddha | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus virtue=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | quote speech: other | present · passive | a text | the Kwan butsu; there | Buddha dhyâna obl; sometimes property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: text=Topic | |||
| 3 | translate | participle | Buddha dhyâna not said here | for me; thus property | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | lift up in a quote | past | Sâkyamuni's foot | time | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme | ||||
| 5 | represent | the footprints of the Buddha | nom representation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/40/