In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 42
And Shaka said: ‘Whosoever beholds the sign upon the sole of my foot shall be purified from all his faults.
Who acts: Shaka, Whosoever · What happens: say, behold, purify, fault · To what, where: sign · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shaka, Whosoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Shaka | Shaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 beholds | punct |
| 5 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 beholds | punct |
| 6 | Whosoever | whosoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 beholds | nsubj |
| 7 | beholds | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sign | det |
| 9 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 purified | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 sole | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sole | det |
| 12 | sole | sole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sign | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 foot | case |
| 14 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 foot | nmod:poss |
| 15 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sole | nmod |
| 16 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 purified | aux |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 purified | aux:pass |
| 18 | purified | purify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 beholds | ccomp |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 faults | case |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 faults | det:predet |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 faults | nmod:poss |
| 22 | faults | fault | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 purified | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Shaka | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | behold | present | Whosoever | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | purify | shall · passive | the sign upon the sole of my foot | from Shaka's faults | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source from fault=Theme | ||||
| 4 | fault | Shaka | nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/42/