In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 44
Various other texts of Japanese Buddhism affirm that whoever looks upon the footprints of the Buddha “shall be freed from the bonds of error, and conducted upon the Way of Enlightenment.”
Who acts: Various other texts, whoever · What happens: affirm, look, free, conduct, bond · To what, where: footprints, bonds, error
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Various other texts, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 texts | amod |
| 2 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 texts | amod |
| 3 | texts | text | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 affirm | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Buddhism | case |
| 5 | Japanese | Japanese | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Buddhism | compound |
| 6 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 texts | nmod |
| 7 | affirm | affirm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 looks | mark |
| 9 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 looks | nsubj |
| 10 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 affirm | ccomp |
| 11 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 footprints | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 footprints | det |
| 13 | footprints | footprint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 looks | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Buddha | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Buddha | det |
| 16 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 footprints | nmod |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 freed | punct |
| 18 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 freed | aux |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 freed | aux:pass |
| 20 | freed | free | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 footprints | acl:relcl |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 bonds | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 bonds | det |
| 23 | bonds | bond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 freed | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 error | case |
| 25 | error | error | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 bonds | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 conducted | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 conducted | cc |
| 28 | conducted | conduct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 looks | conj |
| 29 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 31 Way | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Way | det |
| 31 | Way | Way | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 conducted | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Enlightenment | case |
| 33 | Enlightenment | Enlightenment | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Way | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 affirm | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 affirm | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | affirm | present | Various other texts of Japanese Buddhism | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | look | present | whoever | upon the footprints of the Buddha | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon footprint=Theme | ||||
| 3 | free in a quote | shall · passive | the footprints of the Buddha not said here | the bonds of error | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING» | ||||
| 4 | conduct in a quote | participle | whoever not said here | upon the Way of Enlightenment | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon way=Destination | ||||
| 5 | bond in a quote | error | nom bond «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/44/