In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 6, sentence 95
The BUTSU-SETSU-MU-RYO-JU-KYO says:—“In the land that the Buddha treads in journeying, there is not even one person in all the multitude of the villages who is not benefited.
Who acts: BUTSU, Buddha, one person · What happens: say, tread, journey, be, not benefit · To what, where: land, villages · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (BUTSU, Buddha, one person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 BUTSU | det |
| 2 | BUTSU | BUTSU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 says | nsubj |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 SETSU | punct |
| 4 | SETSU | SETSU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 BUTSU | conj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 MU | punct |
| 6 | MU | mu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 says | nsubj |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 RYO | punct |
| 8 | RYO | RYO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 MU | appos |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 JU | punct |
| 10 | JU | JU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 RYO | conj |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 KYO | punct |
| 12 | KYO | KYO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 RYO | conj |
| 13 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 says | punct |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 land | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 land | punct |
| 17 | In | in | ADP | _ | 19 land | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 land | det |
| 19 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 says | ccomp |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 treads | obj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Buddha | det |
| 22 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 treads | nsubj |
| 23 | treads | tread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 land | acl:relcl |
| 24 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 25 journeying | mark |
| 25 | journeying | journey | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 treads | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 is | punct |
| 27 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 28 is | expl |
| 28 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 land | parataxis |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 person | advmod |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 person | advmod |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 person | nummod |
| 32 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 is | nsubj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 multitude | case |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 multitude | det:predet |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 multitude | det |
| 36 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 person | nmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 villages | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 villages | det |
| 39 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 multitude | nmod |
| 40 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 benefited | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 benefited | aux:pass |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 benefited | advmod |
| 43 | benefited | benefit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 villages | acl:relcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the BUTSU and SETSU | MU nsubj; the land ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | tread in a quote | present | the Buddha | the land | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location that=Theme | ||||
| 3 | journey in a quote | gerund | the Buddha not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | be in a quote | present | one person in all multitude of the villages | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not benefit in a quote | present · passive | the villages | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/8/95/