In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 104
The toil of the fields and the labor of the streets are performed to the rhythm of chanted verse; and song would seem to be an expression of the life of the people in about the same sense that it is an expression of the life of cicadæ….
Who acts: song, toil, fields · What happens: perform, chant, seem, be, toil · To what, where: toil, expression
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song, toil, fields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 toil | det |
| 2 | toil | toil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 performed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 fields | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 fields | det |
| 5 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 toil | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 labor | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 labor | det |
| 8 | labor | labor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fields | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 streets | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 streets | det |
| 11 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 labor | nmod |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 performed | aux:pass |
| 13 | performed | perform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 rhythm | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rhythm | det |
| 16 | rhythm | rhythm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 performed | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 verse | case |
| 18 | chanted | chant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 verse | amod |
| 19 | verse | verse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rhythm | nmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 seem | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 seem | cc |
| 22 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 seem | nsubj |
| 23 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 seem | aux |
| 24 | seem | seem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 performed | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 expression | mark |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 expression | cop |
| 27 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 expression | det |
| 28 | expression | expression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 seem | xcomp |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 life | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 life | det |
| 31 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 expression | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 people | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 people | det |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 life | nmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 sense | case |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 39 sense | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 sense | det |
| 38 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 sense | amod |
| 39 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 seem | obl |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 44 expression | mark |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 expression | nsubj |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 expression | cop |
| 43 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 expression | det |
| 44 | expression | expression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 seem | xcomp |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 life | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 life | det |
| 47 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 expression | nmod |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 cicadæ | case |
| 49 | cicadæ | cicadæ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 life | nmod |
| 50 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 13 performed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perform | present · passive | the toil of the fields and the labor of the streets | to the rhythm of chanted verse | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | chant | participle | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | seem | would | song | in the same sense | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in sense=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | is a | to-infinitive | song not said here | a expression | of the life of the people | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is a | present | toil | a expression | of the life of cicadæ | tree rules | |||
| 6 | toil | the fields and the labor of the streets | nom toil «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/104/