In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 7, sentence 114
Probably my readers know of those social gatherings at which it is the custom to compose verses, and to suspend the compositions to blossoming trees,—also of the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods, when poems inscribed on strips of colored paper, and attached to thin bamboos, are to be seen even by the roadside,—all fluttering in the wind like so many tiny flags….
Who acts: readers, social gatherings, all · What happens: know, be, compose, suspend, blossom, inscribe · To what, where: custom, verses, compositions, poems, strips, Tanabata festival
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (readers, social gatherings, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Probably | probably | ADV | _ | 4 know | advmod |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 readers | nmod:poss |
| 3 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 know | nsubj |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 festival | advcl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 gatherings | case |
| 6 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 gatherings | det |
| 7 | social | social | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 gatherings | amod |
| 8 | gatherings | gathering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 know | obl |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 which | case |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 custom | nsubj |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 custom | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 custom | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 custom | det |
| 14 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gatherings | acl:relcl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 compose | mark |
| 16 | compose | compose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 custom | acl |
| 17 | verses | verse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 compose | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 suspend | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 suspend | cc |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 suspend | mark |
| 21 | suspend | suspend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 know | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 compositions | det |
| 23 | compositions | composition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 suspend | obj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 trees | case |
| 25 | blossoming | blossom | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 trees | amod |
| 26 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 suspend | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 festival | punct |
| 29 | also | also | ADV | _ | 33 festival | advmod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 festival | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 festival | det |
| 32 | Tanabata | Tanabata | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 festival | compound |
| 33 | festival | festival | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 honor | case |
| 35 | honor | honor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 festival | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 gods | case |
| 37 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 gods | amod |
| 38 | astral | astral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 gods | amod |
| 39 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 honor | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 poems | punct |
| 41 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 poems | advmod |
| 42 | poems | poem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | inscribed | inscribe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 poems | acl |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 strips | case |
| 45 | strips | strip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 inscribed | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 paper | case |
| 47 | colored | color | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 paper | amod |
| 48 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 strips | nmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 attached | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 attached | cc |
| 51 | attached | attach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 poems | acl |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 54 bamboos | case |
| 53 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 bamboos | amod |
| 54 | bamboos | bamboo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 attached | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 attached | punct |
| 56 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 seen | aux |
| 57 | to | to | PART | _ | 59 seen | mark |
| 58 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 59 seen | aux:pass |
| 59 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 festival | advcl |
| 60 | even | even | ADV | _ | 63 roadside | advmod |
| 61 | by | by | ADP | _ | 63 roadside | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 roadside | det |
| 63 | roadside | roadside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 seen | obj |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 fluttering | punct |
| 65 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 67 fluttering | punct |
| 66 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 67 fluttering | nsubj |
| 67 | fluttering | flutter | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 festival | acl |
| 68 | in | in | ADP | _ | 70 wind | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 wind | det |
| 70 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 fluttering | obl |
| 71 | like | like | ADP | _ | 75 flags | case |
| 72 | so | so | ADV | _ | 73 many | advmod |
| 73 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 75 flags | amod |
| 74 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 75 flags | amod |
| 75 | flags | flag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 fluttering | obl |
| 76 | …. | .. | PUNCT | _ | 33 festival | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | my readers | of that social gatherings; probably property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of gathering=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | that social gatherings | the custom | example nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | compose | to-infinitive | my readers not said here | verses | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verse=Result | ||||
| 4 | suspend | to-infinitive | my readers not said here | the compositions | to blossoming trees | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composition=Theme | |||
| 5 | blossom | gerund | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | inscribe | participle | poems not said here | strips of colored paper | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on strip=Destination | ||||
| 7 | color | participle | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | attach | participle | poems not said here | to thin bamboos | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to bamboo=Co-Patient | ||||
| 9 | see | present · passive | poems | the roadside obj | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | flutter | gerund | all | the Tanabata festival in honor of certain astral gods not said here | like many tiny flags; in the wind | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent festival=Patient in wind=Topic | |||
| 12 | honor | certain astral gods | nom honor «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/9/114/