Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 1, sentence 42
In its present shape it is certainly posterior to the appearance of the Galahad _Queste_, to which it contains several direct references; such are the hermit's allusion to the predicted circumstances of his death, which are related in full in the _Queste_; the prophecy that Perceval shall "aid" in the winning of the Holy Grail, a quest of which in the earlier version he is sole achiever; and the explicit statements of the closing lines as to Galahad's arrival at Court, his filling the Siege Perilous, and achieving the Adventures of the Round Table.
Who acts: tradition, predicted circumstances, prophecy, Perceval, Queste, Holy Grail · What happens: be, contain, predict, aid, fill, achieve · To what, where: present shape, several direct references, full, winning, sole achiever, Siege Perilous
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tradition, predicted circumstances, prophecy, Perceval), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 shape | case |
| 2 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 shape | nmod:poss |
| 3 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 shape | amod |
| 4 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 posterior | obl |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 posterior | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 posterior | cop |
| 7 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 8 posterior | advmod |
| 8 | posterior | posterior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 appearance | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 appearance | det |
| 11 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 posterior | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Galahad | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Galahad | det |
| 14 | Galahad | Galahad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 appearance | nmod |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 Queste | punct |
| 16 | Queste | Queste | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 posterior | parataxis |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 Queste | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 contains | punct |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 contains | obl |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 contains | nsubj |
| 22 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 posterior | parataxis |
| 23 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 references | amod |
| 24 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 references | amod |
| 25 | references | reference | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 contains | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 allusion | punct |
| 27 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 32 allusion | case |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 allusion | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hermit | det |
| 30 | hermit | hermit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 allusion | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 hermit | case |
| 32 | allusion | allusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 posterior | conj |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 circumstances | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 circumstances | det |
| 35 | predicted | predict | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 circumstances | amod |
| 36 | circumstances | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 allusion | nmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 death | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 death | nmod:poss |
| 39 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 circumstances | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 related | punct |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 related | nsubj |
| 42 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 related | cop |
| 43 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 circumstances | conj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 full | case |
| 45 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 related | obl |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 Queste | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Queste | det |
| 48 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 Queste | punct |
| 49 | Queste | Queste | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 full | obl |
| 50 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 45 full | punct |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 prophecy | punct |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 prophecy | det |
| 53 | prophecy | prophecy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 related | obl |
| 54 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 58 aid | nsubj |
| 55 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 aid | nsubj |
| 56 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 aid | aux |
| 57 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 aid | punct |
| 58 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 prophecy | acl:relcl |
| 59 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 aid | punct |
| 60 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 winning | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 winning | det |
| 62 | winning | winning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 aid | nmod |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 Grail | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 Grail | det |
| 65 | Holy | Holy | PROPN | _ | 66 Grail | compound |
| 66 | Grail | Grail | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 winning | nmod |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 quest | punct |
| 68 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 69 quest | det |
| 69 | quest | quest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 Grail | appos |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 which | case |
| 71 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 69 quest | nmod |
| 72 | in | in | ADP | _ | 75 version | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 version | det |
| 74 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 75 version | amod |
| 75 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 which | nmod |
| 76 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 79 achiever | nsubj |
| 77 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 79 achiever | cop |
| 78 | sole | sole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 achiever | amod |
| 79 | achiever | achiever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 version | conj |
| 80 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 84 statements | punct |
| 81 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 84 statements | cc |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 statements | det |
| 83 | explicit | explicit | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 statements | amod |
| 84 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 prophecy | appos |
| 85 | of | of | ADP | _ | 88 lines | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 88 lines | det |
| 87 | closing | closing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 lines | compound |
| 88 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 84 statements | nmod |
| 89 | as | as | ADP | _ | 93 arrival | case |
| 90 | to | to | ADP | _ | 93 arrival | case |
| 91 | Galahad | Galahad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 93 arrival | nmod:poss |
| 92 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 91 Galahad | case |
| 93 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 lines | nmod |
| 94 | at | at | ADP | _ | 95 Court | case |
| 95 | Court | Court | PROPN | Number=Sing | 93 arrival | nmod |
| 96 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 97 his | punct |
| 97 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 84 statements | acl:relcl |
| 98 | filling | fill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 97 his | advcl |
| 99 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 101 Perilous | det |
| 100 | Siege | Siege | PROPN | Number=Sing | 101 Perilous | compound |
| 101 | Perilous | Perilous | PROPN | Number=Sing | 98 filling | obj |
| 102 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 104 achieving | punct |
| 103 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 104 achieving | cc |
| 104 | achieving | achieve | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 98 filling | conj |
| 105 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 106 Adventures | det |
| 106 | Adventures | adventure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 104 achieving | obj |
| 107 | of | of | ADP | _ | 110 Table | case |
| 108 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 110 Table | det |
| 109 | Round | Round | PROPN | Number=Sing | 110 Table | compound |
| 110 | Table | Table | PROPN | Number=Sing | 106 Adventures | nmod |
| 111 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 posterior | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | tradition | tradition's present shape | to the appearance of the Galahad; Queste parataxis; certainly, posterior property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | contain | present | tradition | several direct references | which obl | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot reference=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | present | tradition not said here | such the hermit's allusion; to the predicted circumstances of Queste's death; the hermit nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | predict | participle | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | the predicted circumstances of Queste's death | full in the Queste | the prophecy obl; related property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | aid in a quote | shall | the prophecy | the winning of the Holy Grail | Perceval nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 7 | is a | present | Perceval | sole achiever | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | fill | gerund | the predicted circumstances of Queste's death not said here | the Siege Perilous | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent perilous=Patient | ||||
| 9 | achieve | gerund | the predicted circumstances of Queste's death not said here | the Adventures of the Round Table | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adventure=Eventuality | ||||
| 10 | die | Queste | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | win | the Holy Grail | nom winning «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 12 | quest | the Holy Grail | nom quest «cognition intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 13 | state | the closing lines as Galahad's arrival at Court | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 14 | arrive | Galahad | Court | nom arrival «act intransitive»: poss=agent at=place | |||||
| 15 | adventure | the Round Table | nom adventure «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/1/42/