Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 2
There did he see many a helm, and spear, and weapon of the knights it had slain, whose bones lay there stripped of flesh, which the monster had devoured; he might well be afraid!
Who acts: Thus, bones · What happens: see, slay, lie, strip, devour, be · To what, where: many helm, weapon, monster · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thus, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 see | expl |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 see | nsubj |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 helm | amod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 helm | det |
| 7 | helm | helm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 spear | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 spear | cc |
| 10 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 helm | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 slain | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 slain | cc |
| 13 | weapon | weapon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 knights | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 knights | det |
| 16 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 weapon | nmod |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 slain | aux |
| 19 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 see | ccomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 lay | punct |
| 21 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 22 bones | nmod:poss |
| 22 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 lay | nsubj |
| 23 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 slain | parataxis |
| 24 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 lay | advmod |
| 25 | stripped | strip | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 lay | xcomp |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 flesh | case |
| 27 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stripped | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 devoured | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 devoured | obj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 monster | det |
| 31 | monster | monster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 devoured | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 devoured | aux |
| 33 | devoured | devour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 flesh | acl:relcl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 afraid | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 afraid | nsubj |
| 36 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 afraid | aux |
| 37 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 39 afraid | advmod |
| 38 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 39 afraid | cop |
| 39 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 see | conj |
| 40 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past · do-support | Thus | a many helm and spear | there | tree rules | |||
| 2 | slay | past · perfect · passive | weapon of the knights | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | lie | past | bones | there | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | strip | participle | bones not said here | of flesh | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | devour | past · perfect · passive | the monster | flesh obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | might | Thus | afraid, well property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/11/2/