Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 46
Here hath a great misfortune chanced, the ordeal hath gone over us; King Arthur hath been taken captive and we know not where he may be, he was waylaid and betrayed in a forest, whither he went to hunt, and we saw him never more.
Who acts: ordeal, we, Arthur · What happens: have, chance, go, take, not know, be · To what, where: great misfortune, King Arthur, Arthur, forest · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ordeal, we, Arthur), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 hath | advmod |
| 2 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 misfortune | det |
| 4 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 misfortune | amod |
| 5 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hath | obj |
| 6 | chanced | chance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 misfortune | acl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 gone | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ordeal | det |
| 9 | ordeal | ordeal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gone | nsubj |
| 10 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 gone | aux |
| 11 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 hath | conj |
| 12 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 us | case |
| 13 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 gone | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 taken | punct |
| 15 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Arthur | compound |
| 16 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 taken | nsubj |
| 17 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 taken | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 taken | aux:pass |
| 19 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 hath | parataxis |
| 20 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 taken | xcomp |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 know | cc |
| 22 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 know | nsubj |
| 23 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 taken | conj |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 know | advmod |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 know | ccomp |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 be | nsubj |
| 27 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 be | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 where | cop |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 waylaid | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 waylaid | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 waylaid | aux:pass |
| 32 | waylaid | waylay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 taken | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 betrayed | cc |
| 34 | betrayed | betray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 waylaid | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 forest | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 forest | det |
| 37 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 betrayed | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 went | punct |
| 39 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 41 went | advmod |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 went | nsubj |
| 41 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 waylaid | conj |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 hunt | mark |
| 43 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 went | xcomp |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 saw | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 saw | cc |
| 46 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 saw | nsubj |
| 47 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 taken | conj |
| 48 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 saw | obj |
| 49 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 50 more | advmod |
| 50 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 47 saw | advmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hath | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a great misfortune | here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Patient | ||||
| 2 | chance | participle | a great misfortune not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | go | present · perfect | the ordeal | over us | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over we=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | take | present · perfect · passive | King Arthur | captive property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 5 | not know | present | we | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | infinitive | where property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | waylay | past · passive | Arthur | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | betray | participle | a forest | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | go | past | Arthur | whither property | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 10 | hunt | to-infinitive | Arthur not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 11 | see | past | we | Arthur | never | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/11/46/