Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 48
We lack leaders--Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot have both of them left the land, and thereof hath great shame come to us--we are without king, or leaders, or counsel."
Who acts: We, leaders, both, great shame · What happens: lack, have, leave, come, be · To what, where: land, counsel, us
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, leaders, both, great shame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 lack | nsubj |
| 2 | lack | lack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 have | nsubj |
| 4 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 6 Gawain | punct |
| 5 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 6 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 leaders | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Sir | cc |
| 8 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Gawain | conj |
| 9 | Lancelot | Lancelot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Sir | flat |
| 10 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lack | ccomp |
| 11 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 left | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 both | nmod |
| 14 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 have | ccomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 land | det |
| 16 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 left | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hath | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hath | cc |
| 19 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 20 hath | advmod |
| 20 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lack | parataxis |
| 21 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 shame | amod |
| 22 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 come | nsubj |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 hath | ccomp |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 us | case |
| 25 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 come | obl |
| 26 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 30 king | punct |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 king | nsubj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 king | cop |
| 29 | without | without | ADP | _ | 30 king | case |
| 30 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hath | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 leaders | punct |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 leaders | cc |
| 33 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 king | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 counsel | punct |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 counsel | cc |
| 36 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hath | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lack | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 lack | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lack | present | We | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | have | present | leaders Gawain Sir and Sir | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | leave | past | both of leaders | the land | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | present | counsel | thereof property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | come | infinitive | great shame | us | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to we=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | is | present | we | without king or leaders; leaders conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/11/48/