Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 11, sentence 8
Then the traitor who spied all from afar, when he heard the cry delayed not, but rode swiftly towards the lair, for he knew well from the cry that the monster was slain.
Who acts: traitor, cry, monster · What happens: spy, hear, not delay, ride, know, be · To what, where: all, afar, lair, cry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traitor, cry, monster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 spied | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 traitor | det |
| 3 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 spied | nsubj |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 spied | nsubj |
| 5 | spied | spy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 spied | obj |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 afar | case |
| 8 | afar | afar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 spied | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 heard | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 spied | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 cry | det |
| 14 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 delayed | nsubj |
| 15 | delayed | delay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 heard | ccomp |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 delayed | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 rode | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 rode | cc |
| 19 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 spied | parataxis |
| 20 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 19 rode | advmod |
| 21 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 23 lair | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 lair | det |
| 23 | lair | lair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rode | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 knew | punct |
| 25 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 27 knew | mark |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 knew | nsubj |
| 27 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 rode | conj |
| 28 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 knew | advmod |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 cry | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 cry | det |
| 31 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 knew | obl |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 slain | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 monster | det |
| 34 | monster | monster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 slain | nsubj |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 slain | cop |
| 36 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 knew | ccomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 spied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spy | past | the traitor | all | afar | then | who nsubj | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer all=Stimulus | |
| 2 | hear | past | traitor | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | not delay | past | the cry | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | ride | past | the lair | swiftly property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent towards lair=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | know | past | cry | the cry | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | is | past | the monster | slain property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/11/8/