Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 2, sentence 31
This may I say forsooth; since I lost Perceval, and the ill chance befell me that he had the will and the desire to seek the Grail and the spear (which he may not find) many a wounded knight hath he sent as captive to my court, whom, for their misdoing, he hath vanquished by his might.
Who acts: This, I, ill chance, chance, many, knight · What happens: say, lose, befall, have, seek, not find · To what, where: forsooth, Perceval, me, desire, Grail, court · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, I, ill chance, chance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 say | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 say | aux |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 say | nsubj |
| 4 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | forsooth | forsooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 say | obj |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 lost | punct |
| 7 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 9 lost | mark |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 lost | nsubj |
| 9 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 say | parataxis |
| 10 | Perceval | Perceval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 befell | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 befell | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 chance | det |
| 14 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 chance | amod |
| 15 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 befell | nsubj |
| 16 | befell | befall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 lost | conj |
| 17 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 befell | obj |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 had | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 had | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 befell | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 desire | det |
| 22 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 desire | aux |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 desire | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 desire | det |
| 25 | desire | desire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 had | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 seek | mark |
| 27 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 desire | acl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Grail | det |
| 29 | Grail | grail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 seek | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 spear | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 spear | det |
| 32 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 Grail | conj |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 find | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 find | obj |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 find | nsubj |
| 36 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 find | aux |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 find | advmod |
| 38 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 Grail | conj |
| 39 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 38 find | punct |
| 40 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 hath | nsubj |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 knight | det |
| 42 | wounded | wounded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 knight | amod |
| 43 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 hath | nsubj |
| 44 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 find | ccomp |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 sent | nsubj |
| 46 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 hath | ccomp |
| 47 | as | as | ADP | _ | 48 captive | case |
| 48 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 sent | obl |
| 49 | to | to | ADP | _ | 51 court | case |
| 50 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 court | nmod:poss |
| 51 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 sent | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 whom | punct |
| 53 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 court | nmod |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 misdoing | punct |
| 55 | for | for | ADP | _ | 57 misdoing | case |
| 56 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 57 misdoing | nmod:poss |
| 57 | misdoing | misdoing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 whom | acl:relcl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 hath | punct |
| 59 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 hath | nsubj |
| 60 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 say | parataxis |
| 61 | vanquished | vanquish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 60 hath | xcomp |
| 62 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 64 might | mark |
| 63 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 might | nmod:poss |
| 64 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 61 vanquished | advcl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | may | This | forsooth | I nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent forsooth=Topic | |||
| 2 | lose | past | I | Perceval | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perceval=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | befall | past | the ill chance | me | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | have | past | chance | the desire | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent desire=Patient | ||||
| 5 | seek | to-infinitive | chance not said here | the Grail and the spear | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grail=Theme | ||||
| 6 | not find | may | chance | the Grail and the spear | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent which=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | have | present | many | a wounded knight nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | send | past | knight | my court | as captive | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to court=Destination | |||
| 9 | have | present | knight | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | vanquish | participle | knight not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/2/31/