Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 2, sentence 75
When he beheld the knights, and drew nigh to them, and the one had greeted the other, he cried aloud to Sir Lancelot: "Knight, now give me to wit of one thing which I desire, or guard ye against my spear.
Who acts: knight · What happens: behold, draw, greet, cry, give, wit · To what, where: knights, shield, one, Knight, Sir, one thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 beheld | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 beheld | nsubj |
| 3 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 cried | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 knights | det |
| 5 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 beheld | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 drew | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 drew | cc |
| 8 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 beheld | conj |
| 9 | nigh | nigh | ADV | _ | 8 drew | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 drew | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 greeted | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 greeted | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 one | det |
| 15 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 greeted | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 greeted | aux |
| 17 | greeted | greet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 beheld | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 other | det |
| 19 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 greeted | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 beheld | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 cried | nsubj |
| 22 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 22 cried | advmod |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 Sir | case |
| 25 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 cried | obl |
| 26 | Lancelot | Lancelot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Sir | flat |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 Knight | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Knight | punct |
| 29 | Knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cried | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 give | punct |
| 31 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 give | advmod |
| 32 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 Knight | acl:relcl |
| 33 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 give | iobj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 wit | mark |
| 35 | wit | wit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 give | xcomp |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 thing | case |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 thing | nummod |
| 38 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wit | obl |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 desire | obj |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 desire | nsubj |
| 41 | desire | desire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 thing | acl:relcl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 guard | punct |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 guard | cc |
| 44 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 give | conj |
| 45 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 44 guard | obj |
| 46 | against | against | ADP | _ | 48 spear | case |
| 47 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 spear | nmod:poss |
| 48 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 guard | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | past | knight | the knights | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knight=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | draw | past | knight not said here | shield | nigh property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to they=Destination | |||
| 3 | greet speech: greet | past · perfect · passive | the one | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | cry speech: express | past | knight | Knight | Sir | aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to sir=Recipient | ||
| 5 | give in a quote | infinitive | Knight not said here | knight | now | tree rules | |||
| 6 | wit in a quote | to-infinitive | Knight not said here | of one thing | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | desire in a quote | present | knight | one thing | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot which=Theme | ||||
| 8 | guard in a quote | infinitive | Knight not said here | ye | against my spear | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent ye=Beneficiary against spear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/2/75/